A certified financial statement is a financial document, such as an income statement, cash flow statement, or balance sheet that has been audited and signed-off by an accountant. Once an auditor has reviewed the details of a financial statement following GAAP guidelines and is confident the numbers are accurate, they certify the documents.
Certified financial statements are an important part of the checks and balances of financial reporting. The certification of financial statements increases analysts' confidence that they are getting good information from which they can draw their valuations.
Investors demand assurance that the documents they rely upon to make investment decisions are accurate and have not been subject to any material errors or omissions by the company that compiled them. Therefore, the certified financial statement should be clear and provide an accurate account of a company's financial performance.
A company’s CEO and CFO must certify in every annual or quarterly report that:
- They have reviewed the report;
- Based on their knowledge,
- the report does not contain any material misstatements or omissions;
- the financial statements, and other financial information included in the report, fairly present in all material respects the company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;
- They are responsible for establishing and maintaining "disclosure controls and procedures" (a new defined term discussed below) and they have:
- designed the disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that all material information is made known to the officers;
- evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days prior to the date of the report;
- indicated in the report whether there were significant changes that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the evaluation;
- presented in the report their conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on the evaluation; and
- disclosed to the company’s auditors and audit committee any deficiencies or weaknesses in the internal controls or any fraud that involves employees who have a significant role in the internal controls.
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